Research Trends of Artificial Intelligence in TPACK-Based Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis (2020–2025)
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Bibliometric Analysis, Education, Technology Integration, TPACKAbstract
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education has emerged as a growing research trend, particularly within the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework. This study aims to analyze the development, trends, and intellectual structure of research on AI integration in TPACK-based learning through a bibliometric approach. A total of 406 publications indexed in the Scopus database from 2020 to 2025 were analyzed using VOSviewer to identify publication trends, keyword co-occurrence, co-citation networks, and patterns of international collaboration. The results indicate a significant increase in publication output, particularly after 2022, reflecting the rapid growth of scholarly interest in AI within educational research. Keyword analysis shows that TPACK remains the central research theme, while AI-related topics such as generative AI and ChatGPT have begun to emerge but remain peripheral, indicating that the field is in an early stage of development. Co-citation analysis reveals a strong theoretical foundation dominated by seminal works in TPACK, whereas co-authorship analysis highlights uneven global collaboration, with several countries playing more prominent roles than others. The findings suggest that AI integration within the TPACK framework is evolving rapidly but remains largely conceptual, with limited empirical implementation studies. The novelty of this study lies in providing a comprehensive bibliometric mapping of AI integration within the TPACK framework in the era of generative AI. This study also offers strategic directions for future research regarding adaptive AI–TPACK frameworks, teacher competency development, and ethical considerations in AI-supported learning environments.
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